The term 'procedure' seems so common and understandable to me which it simply means steps of a process or a task to achieve something. It was perceived as simply listing down the steps will do, without thinking of how in-depth the steps should be. Now I know that procedures not only can be shown in lists but in charts; can be simplified by chunking steps into one, and separate branches. Besides, procedure may consist of decision steps in addition to operation steps. There are also subprocedures sometimes which I wonder they should or should not be listed down as well.
While on the other hand, principles, are totally different from procedures. A principle does not step-by-step list down the requirements to reach a goal but it is a combination of two or more concepts prescribing the relationships, be it relational or procedural. It is said to be the central for problem-solving because we need principles - if xxx then xxx or xxx causes xxx - to understand the situation well and predict what will happen to assist in solving a problem. In addition, besides problem-solving, principles are used in individuals' daily lives as people usually will say "I have my own principles". For instance, my principle is not to smoke. Why? Because I know that smoking will cause negative effects to me and people around me thus I hold this principle. In this case, the principle shows causal relationship between smoking and health. So, principles are actually occurring around us unconsciously or subconsciously.
Usually people tend to group principles or problem-solving into procedures. I am still confused even after the readings. Isn't it a procedure made to achieve something, which may also mean to solve something if the goal is a problem? I think, think and am thinking still. Perhaps, I can perceive their relationships this way.
While on the other hand, principles, are totally different from procedures. A principle does not step-by-step list down the requirements to reach a goal but it is a combination of two or more concepts prescribing the relationships, be it relational or procedural. It is said to be the central for problem-solving because we need principles - if xxx then xxx or xxx causes xxx - to understand the situation well and predict what will happen to assist in solving a problem. In addition, besides problem-solving, principles are used in individuals' daily lives as people usually will say "I have my own principles". For instance, my principle is not to smoke. Why? Because I know that smoking will cause negative effects to me and people around me thus I hold this principle. In this case, the principle shows causal relationship between smoking and health. So, principles are actually occurring around us unconsciously or subconsciously.
Usually people tend to group principles or problem-solving into procedures. I am still confused even after the readings. Isn't it a procedure made to achieve something, which may also mean to solve something if the goal is a problem? I think, think and am thinking still. Perhaps, I can perceive their relationships this way.
Declarative knowledge is a subset of concepts, but itself can build procedure. Procedure can be built with declarative knowledge or/and concepts but principles are only built with concepts. Procedures and/or principles could achieve goals, and the goals could be problem-solving materials. Hope I get it correctly. =D
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